2017  R’000			2016  R’000
4.	Taxation
	Current taxation	1 288 023			1 178 821
	Current year	1 310 451			1 216 771
	Prior years’ overprovision	(22 428)			(37 950)
	Deferred taxation	33 698			27 146
	Current year	21 626			32 823
	Prior years’ underprovision	11 873			1 326
	Change in rate of taxation	199			(7 003)
	Foreign withholding taxation	6 511			9 520
	Total taxation per consolidated income statement	1 328 232			1 215 487
	Comprising
	South African taxation	1 249 134			1 128 583
	Foreign taxation	79 098			86 904
		1 328 232			1 215 487
	The reconciliation of the effective taxation rate with the South African company taxation rate is:	%			%
	Taxation for the year as a percentage of profit before taxation	21,4			33,2
	Associates	1,7			1,1
	Effective rate excluding associate income	23,1			34,3
	Dividend and exempt income	2,0			3,0
	Foreign taxation rate differential	(0,2)			(0,8)
	Net change in remeasurement and changes in shareholding of associates	5,1			(6,3)
	Impairment of goodwill	–			(0,4)
	Preference share funding	(1,0)			(1,6)
	Other non-deductible expenses	(1,0)			(1,0)
	Changes in recognition of deferred tax assets	(0,2)			(0,3)
	Capital gains rate differential	(0,2)			(0,1)
	Changes in prior years’ estimation	0,2			1,0
	Change in rate of taxation	0,2			0,2
	Rate of South African company taxation	28,0			28,0
		R’000			R’000
	Estimated tax losses available for offset against future taxable income	1 013 193			1 137 091
	Utilised in the computation of deferred taxation	(530 221)			(618 884)
	Not accounted for in deferred taxation	482 972			518 207

	Deferred taxation assets have not been recognised in respect of certain tax losses as the directors believe it is not probable that the relevant companies will generate taxable profit in the near future, against which the benefits can be utilised.