2020 
R'000 		    2019 
R'000 		   
4.  Taxation    
Current taxation  1 303 136     1 372 084    
   Current year  1 303 348        1 365 965    
   Prior years' (overprovision) underprovision  (212)       6 119    
Deferred taxation  (463 323)    54 514    
   Current year  (442 566)       86 969    
   Prior years' overprovision  (20 757)       (32 455)   
Foreign withholding taxation  11 776     5 181    
Total taxation per consolidated income statement  851 589     1 431 779    
Comprising    
   South African taxation  770 611        1 367 392    
   Foreign taxation  80 978        64 387    
      851 589     1 431 779    
   The reconciliation of the effective taxation rate with the South African company taxation rate is:  %     %    
   Taxation for the year as a percentage of profit before taxation  65.7     27.1    
   Net change in impairment of associates  (8.4)    (3.3)   
   Associates  (2.0)    3.1    
   Effective rate excluding associate income  55.3     26.9    
   Dividend and exempt income  5.7     3.2    
   Foreign taxation rate differential  2.2     0.4    
   Impairment of goodwill  (10.7)    –    
   Preference share funding  (4.1)    (0.8)   
   Other non deductible expenses  (10.7)    (2.3)   
   Changes in recognition of deferred tax assets  (7.5)    0.1    
   Changes in prior years' estimation  1.6     0.5    
   Acquisition costs  (3.8)    –    
   Rate of South African company taxation  28.0     28.0    
   R'000     R'000    
   Estimated tax losses available for offset against future taxable income  2 165 831     1 621 857    
   Utilised in the computation of deferred taxation  (1 315 440)    (865 369)   
   Not accounted for in deferred taxation  850 391     756 488    
 

Deferred taxation assets have not been recognised in respect of certain tax losses as the directors believe it is not probable that the relevant companies will generate taxable profit in the near future, against which the benefits can be utilised.