Notes to the consolidated financial statements | Note 8

      2017 
R'000 
      2016 
R'000 
  
8.  Cash generated by operations                
   Profit before taxation  6 196 821        3 657 994    
   Costs incurred in respect of acquisitions  24 230        8 416    
   Net finance charges  1 059 560        922 114    
   Share of current year earnings of associates  (264 737)       (11 294)   
   Depreciation and amortisation  1 641 568        1 586 940    
   Share-based payment expense  143 145        139 698    
   Share-based payment settlements  (307 280)       (586 186)   
   Impairment of property, plant and equipment and intangible assets  (1 147)       137 016    
   Impairment of goodwill  –        52 111    
   Remeasurement to recoverable fair value of associates  (1 144 633)       760 764    
   Net loss on disposal of interests in subsidiaries and associates, and disposal and closure of businesses  147 383        228 171    
   Other non-cash items  (223 596)       (156 943)   
   Remeasurement of post-retirement obligations  (14 503)       363    
   Decrease in life assurance fund  (9 156)       (1 972)   
   Working capital changes  (367 886)       296 577    
      Increase in inventories  (35 952)       (205 059)   
      (Increase) decrease in trade and other receivables  (464 142)       148 808    
      Increase in banking and other advances  (192 537)       (410 708)   
      Decrease in trade and other payables and provisions  (398 198)       (271 763)   
      Increase in amounts owed to bank depositors  722 943        1 035 299    
   Cash generated by operations  6 879 769        7 033 769    

Notes to the consolidated financial statements | Note 8