2016  R’000			2015  Re-presented  R’000
4.	Taxation
	Current taxation			1 178 821			1 410 043
	Current year			1 216 771			1 334 584
	Prior years’ under (over) provision			(37 950)			75 459
	Deferred taxation			27 146			(86 320)
	Current year			32 823			(57 411)
	Prior years’ under (over) provision			1 326			(28 909)
	Change in rate of taxation			(7 003)			–
	Foreign withholding taxation			9 520			16 116
	Total taxation per consolidated income statement			1 215 487			1 339 839
	Comprising
	South African taxation			1 128 583			1 177 954
	Foreign taxation			86 904			161 885
				1 215 487			1 339 839
				%			%
	The reconciliation of the effective tax rate with the South African company tax rate is:
	Taxation for the year as a percentage of profit before taxation			33,2			28,2
	Associates			1,1			1,2
	Effective rate excluding associate income			34,3			29,4
	Dividend and exempt income			3,0			1,8
	Foreign taxation rate differential			(0,8)			(1,1)
	Impairment and changes in shareholding of associates			(6,3)			(1,7)
	Impairment of goodwill			(0,4)			–
	Preference share funding			(1,6)			(1,1)
	Other non-deductible expenses			(1,0)			(0,7)
	Changes in recognition of deferred tax assets			(0,3)			2,0
	Capital gains rate differential			(0,1)			0,4
	Changes in prior years’ estimation			1,0			(1,0)
	Change in rate of taxation			0,2			–
	Rate of South African company taxation			28,0			28,0
				R’000			R’000
	Estimated tax losses available for offset against future taxable income			1 137 091			1 395 822
	Utilised in the computation of deferred taxation			(618 884)			(795 995)
	Not accounted for in deferred taxation			518 207			599 827

	Deferred taxation assets have not been recognised in respect of certain tax losses as the directors believe it is not probable that the relevant companies will generate taxable profit in the near future, against which the benefits can be utilised.